对外经济贸易大学

　　对外经济贸易大学李杨在国际经济贸易学院作了一场题为“中国集体户中儿童资源的识别”的讲座，李杨，对外经贸大学国际经贸学院博士候选人，研究领域为计量经济理论与应用。此次讲座的主要内容是：

　　大多数中国家庭只有一个孩子，由于一胎化政策。父母给他们唯一的孩子给予丰厚的资源，这就增加了抚养孩子的成本。有多少资源，做了孩子的成本，如果有什么父母有第二个孩子?由于大多数消费的测量是在家庭层面，需要父母和孩子之间的交流规则进行估算。本文采用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据来估计男子，妇女和儿童的资源股，并检查各个家庭的差异与不同的人口特征。我们发现，孩子们分享总支出的24%，独生子女家庭和两个孩子的家庭38%。与其他国家相比，中国的孩子获得更多的资源。在这两种太穷或太富有的家庭，更多的资源从母亲转移到孩子，与父亲保持稳定。特别是在农村和无房户，母亲牺牲了她的资源，给孩子。我们还发现，父亲更多的贡献女孩和母亲贡献更大的男孩在家庭中的性别不对称性。另外，女孩子们享受比男生更多的资源，和孩子获得更多的资源与年龄在父亲的资源为代价的增长。

　　原文： Most families in China have only one child due to the one-child policy. Parents give generous resources to their only child, and this increases the cost of raising children. How much resources does a child cost and what if the parents have a second child? As most consumption is measured at household level, the sharing rule between parents and children needs to be estimated. This paper uses the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data to estimate the men’s, women’s and children’s resources shares and examines the variances across households with different demographic characteristics. We find that children share 24% of total expenditure in one-child families and 38% in two-child families. Comparing with other countries, Chinese children get more resources. In either too poor or too rich families, more resources are diverted from mother to children, with father’s remaining stable. Especially in households in the rural and having no houses, mother sacrifices much of her resources to children. We also find gender asymmetry within the household that father contributes more to girls and mother contributes more to boys. Besides, girls enjoy more resources than boys, and children get more resources with the rise of age at the expense of father’s resources.