北京外国语大学

　　《英语翻译基础》科目是北京外国语大学英语笔译和英语口译硕士研究生的重要考试科目，英语学院研究生教育包括英语文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译学、美国研究、英国研究、澳大利亚研究、加拿大研究和爱尔兰研究等方向，重视系统的专业知识传授和严格的研究方法训练。课程设置旨在夯实英语功底，拓展学术视野，培养具有人文素养、独立研究能力和开拓精神的高级外语专门人才。北京外国语大学硕士研究生科目英语翻译基础考试试题如下：

　　I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)

　　1.TPP

　　2.AKA

　　3.RSVP

　　4.GUI

　　5.CIF

　　6.Grand Prix

　　7.life expectancy

　　8.national treatment

　　9.cholesterol

　　10.displaced person

　　11.Interpol

　　12.insurance policy

　　13.Payable at sight

　　14.No Loitering

　　15.World Anti-Doping Agency

　　II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each)

　　1.21世纪海上丝绸之路

　　2.阅兵

　　3.传销

　　4.抗日战争

　　5.华侨

　　6.和平共处五项原则

　　7.川菜

　　8.佣金

　　9.人民币离岸市场

　　10.转基因玉米

　　11.农药残留

　　12.不可抗力

　　13.电磁炉

　　14.消防通道

　　15.天下为公

　　III. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)

　　Human history is the story of a species so skilled at exploiting and altering its environment that it now has the power to create new life forms genetically or destroy life on a vast scale and extinguish many species. As builders, colonists, and conquerors, humans have shown an astonishing capacity to invent, transform, and lay waste. "Wonders are many, but none is more wonderful than man," wrote the Greek playwright Sophocles. "Cunning beyond fancy's dream is the fertile skill which brings him, now to evil, now to good."

　　Humans owe their phenomenal ability to alter the world for good or ill to a process of evolution that began in Africa more than four million years ago with the emergence of the first hominids: primates with the ability to walk upright. Early hominids stood only three or four feet tall on average and had brains roughly one-third the size of the modern human brain, which limited their capacity to reason or speak. But their upright posture and opposable thumbs (used to grip objects between fingers and thumb) allowed them to gather and carry food and process it using simple tools.

　　IV. Translate the following passage into English. (60 points)

　　孔子是中国古代最著名的思想家、教育家、哲学家，儒家学派创始人。对中国思想文化的发展有极其深远的影响。孔子的祖先本是宋国的贵族，后因避宫廷祸乱而迁居鲁国。孔子的父亲是一名武士，虽跻身于贵族之列，但地位很低。孔子三岁时，父亲便去世了，他跟着母亲过着贫困的生活。他年轻时做过管理仓库和掌管牛羊畜牧一类的小官，鲁定公时，孔子曾任主管司法，政治生涯到了顶峰。孔子55岁退出政坛，离开鲁国去周游列国，宣扬自己的政治主张。晚年回到鲁国一心一意讲学和整理古代文献资料，并根据鲁国史官所记修订了《春秋》。