中国科学院大学在职研究生招生网
五月份同等学力在职研究生，专业选择范围比较广泛。一般情况下，只要是统招的研究生的专业，基本都可以开设同等学力在职研究生课程进修班。先读后考，以同等学力申请硕士学位，是国家为同等学力人员开辟的获得硕士学位的一种途径。同等学力申硕考试主要考英语和专业课综合，同等学力申硕在职研究生英语翻译技巧如下：
一、同等学力英译汉评分标准
大纲要求：
1) 能在不借助词典的情况下，把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的段落从英语译成汉语，能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词基本正确、无重大语言错误。
2) 本部分要求考生把一段 100词左右的英语短文翻译成汉语，共 10 分，考试时间为 20分钟。要求译文意思准确,文字通顺。
从测试要求来看，考生应能理解原文，同时译文正确，文字通顺，语句符合汉语习惯来评分
标准规定：
1、译文正确，文字通顺，可给满分。
2、汉语出现错别字，按整篇累计扣分，每4个错别字扣1分。
3、语句不符合汉语习惯、语序错误、用词不当或漏译使句意含糊不清，酌情扣分。
4、理解完全错误或译文混乱不成句，不给分。
5、如同一句出现两种或两种以上正确译法可给分;其中一种译法错误，酌情扣分。
考生常常丢分的原因：
A、对原文理解不够。考生由于时间紧张，看到句子便草率翻译，对原文的主要框架结构，互相指代关系理解不够准确，这样以来翻译的准确度就有问题了。
B：考生不懂得英汉句式结构的差异，对翻译技巧方法更是知之甚少，因此在考试中甩不开原文的句式结构，不敢进行必要的语序调整，句序、语序转换，不敢进行词类转换，不会用增词法、减词法之类的基本翻译处理方法。
C、中文表达能力有限，不能将对原文的理解了的东西随心所欲地用汉语清楚地表达出来，甚至还出现错别字现象。
综上所述，翻译考试要想立足于不败之地，就必须克服上述三大问题，关键有两点：
正确理解英文原文是确保翻译无误地前提，而通顺清楚地表达则是获得高分地保证!
二、翻译的过程和核心解题策略
(一)翻译的基本过程
1.分析理解阶段—先通读整段文字，透彻地理解原文—判断句子的类型，分析句子的结构，各成分之间的关系—正确理解句中的关键词和词组。
By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.(2006)
表达阶段—准确表达原文意思并符合汉语表达。
Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas.(2005)
校对译文阶段
1)检查汉语译文的词与句有无错漏;
2)检查译文和原文在内容让是否一致;
3)标点符号，有无错别字。
(二)翻译解题的核心策略—拆分与组合
一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构
基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
拆分“信号词”
① 连词：如and, or, but, yet, for, neither…nor, both…and…, either…or等并列连词连接着并列句;还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, thought, although, so that, ......等等;它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。
② 关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why等关系副词;还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose等等;它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
③ 介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to, for, from, under, among等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
④ 不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。
⑤ 分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。
⑥ 标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。
例如：
①Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. (2004)
② In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: it may be either of them depending on our viewpoint. (2005)
③The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.(2007)
二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文
① The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. (2004)
② But they have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. (2007)
三、如何得到翻译的基本分
三个优先： 1. 短句优先 2. 介词优先 3. 顺序优先
1、短句优先就是汉语短句优先
就是把你有限的英语单词转变成为汉语之后来造句。造汉语短句。越精短越好。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime.
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
2、介词优先—考的最多的是介词，而考的最多的介词又是in, 其次是of , with...
介词优先就是先翻译介词后面的，再把它放到介词前面的那个词前面去。
of 的翻译 a of b of c 即c的b的a
in的翻译 1. 在......中(里面) 2. 以(用)一种方式
with的用法 1. 随着......，2. 用......，3. 带有、具有，4. 用......, 5. 和......、与......
①Progress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. (2006)
② Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. (2004)
3、顺序优先原则
先不考虑改变顺序，按照英语的顺序翻译。如果说不通时再考虑用汉语的顺序。
The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. (2007)
真题演练
Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!
It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.
Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. (2013)
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