北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试(样题)
招生专业:外交学、应用经济学 科目名称:经济学
(考试时间 3 小时,满分 150 分,全部写在答题纸上,答在试题页上无效)
注:试卷中题干为中文的小题用中文作答,题干为英文的小题用英文作答。
第一部分 微观经济学
注:试卷中题干为中文的小题用中文作答,题干为英文的小题用英文作答。
一.单项选择题(10 分,每小题 2 分,共 5 个小题)
1.生产理论中的扩展线类似于消费者理论中的( )。
A.恩格尔曲线 B.收入—消费曲线
C.价格—消费曲线 D.预算约束线
……
二.名词解释(10 分,每小题 5 分,共 2 个小题)
1.纳什均衡
2.价格—消费曲线
三.简答题(20 分,每小题 10 分,共 2 个小题)
1.为什么完全竞争厂商的需求曲线、平均收益曲线和边际收益曲线是重叠的?
2.Why does production eventually experience diminishing marginal returns to labor in the short run? Use an example to illustrate.
四.计算分析题(15 分,每小题 15 分,共 1 个小题)
1.Suppose you are in charge of a toll bridge that costs essentially nothing to operate. The demand for bridge crossings Q is given by P=15-Q/2
a. Draw the demand curve for bridge crossings.
b. How many people would cross the bridge if there were no toll?
c. What is the loss of consumer surplus associated with a bridge toll of $5?
d. The toll-bridge operator is considering an increase in the toll to $7. At this higher price, how many people would cross the bridge? Would the toll-bridge revenue increase or decrease? What does your answer tell you about the elasticity of demand?
e. Find the lost consumer surplus associated with the increase in the price of the toll from $5 to $7.
五.论述分析题(20 分,每小题 20 分,共 1 个小题)
1.What is tariff? Suppose the congress imposes a tariff on imported autos to protect the U.S. auto industry from foreign competitions. Assuming that United States is a price taker in the world auto market, show on diagram and
explain in detail: the change in the quantity of imports, the loss to U.S.consumers, the gain to U.S. manufactures, government revenue, and the deadweight loss associate the tariff. The loss to consumers can be decomposed
into three pieces: a transfer to domestic producer, a transfer to the government,and a deadweight loss. Use your diagram to identify these three pieces.Explain the advantage and disadvantage of this tariff policy.
第二部分 宏观经济学
注:试卷中题干为中文的小题用中文作答,题干为英文的小题用英文作答。
六.单项选择题(10 分,每小题 2 分,共 5 个小题)
1.增加政府采购,IS 曲线水平移动距离和 AD 曲线水平移动距离( )。
A.前者大 B.后者大
C.一样大 D.不能确定
……
七.名词解释(10 分,每小题 5 分,共 2 个小题)
1.挤出效应
2.Middle Income Trap
八.简答题(20 分,每小题 10 分,共 2 个小题)
1.如何理解生产函数规模报酬不变与资本边际收益不变同时并存?
2.Please give a brief illustration of Robert J.Barro's basic views on economic growth.
九.计算分析题(15 分,每小题 15 分,共 1 个小题)
1.假设货币当局符合 Baumol-Tobin 模型的经济特征。该国年均经济增长速度 4%,央行按照怎样的速度增加货币供应以保持物价稳定?如果带来 3%的通货膨胀,那么货币供应的速度又是多少?试说明理由。
十.论述分析题(20 分,每小题 20 分,共 1 个小题)
1.试分析特朗普税改政策对美国及世界经济的影响。